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            <h2 class="text-4xl font-bold text-white">E3METL Model</h2>
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            The E3METL ( Economy-Energy-Environmental Model with Endogenous Technological Change by Employing Logistic Curves) is a global, single- region, dynamic, intertemporal optimization model based on endogenous economic growth theory. It builds on the framework of classic IAMs such as DICE and is comprised of three coupled submodules: macroeconomics, energy technology, and climate change . This model utilizes a modified set of logistic curves as the core of technological evolution, imbuing traditional top-down, economic-oriented models with more bottom-up technological characteristics . It also employs dual-factor technology learning curves — research and development-based ( LBS ) and experience-based ( LBBD ) —to endogenously characterize the dynamics of technological progress and describe the evolution of various energy technologies under policy influence . This addresses the " forgetting-by-not-doing " ( FBND ) problem inherent in single-factor learning and knowledge accumulation .E3METL further depicts the complex interactions between the climate system and the economic and energy systems , including the ocean and atmospheric carbon cycles, the formation of radiative forcing flows, temperature rise response relationships, and climate feedback damage.
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						The model is written using the GAMS software platform . The year 2000 is selected as the initial year, and the simulation period runs from 2000 to 2150 , with five- year periods spanning the period from 2000 to 2100. The model makes a detailed distinction between energy types, examining seven non-fossil energy technologies: fossil fuels , biomass , nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, and tidal energy . It also introduces various combinations of coal , natural gas , and CCs . With its relatively simple
             model structure and detailed energy technology options , E3METL is suitable for studying the long - term evolution of energy technologies under policy intervention, as well as the development paths of energy technology systems under carbon emission constraints. The model has been widely used in global energy and climate policy simulations and assessments.
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            The E3METL model has been applied to a range of research projects, including the evolutionary paths of multiple carbon-free energy technologies under policy incentives, the impact of climate policy on the evolutionary paths of alternative energy technologies and CCS under established emission reduction targets, the development potential of CCS technologies under specific climate policies, the impact of mitigation interventions on optimal adaptation under the climate goals of the Paris Agreement, and the optimal carbon tax path. These research results have been fruitful, with publications in leading environmental modeling journals such as Environmental Modeling & Assessment , Ecological Economics , and the Chinese Journal of Management Science.
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